List
of Conjunctions used in English
Conjunctions join words, phrases and clauses together. This
article provides a brief
overview of the different types of conjunctions and their
function in sentences.
1.
Coordinating Conjunctions
a. but
b. so
c. or
d. and
Coordinating conjunctions join words, phrases, or
independent clauses of a sentence together.
They often link similar grammatical parts of a sentence
together ( parts of speech + parts of
speech / phrase + phrase / clause + clause ). Here are some
example sentences:
·
We went to the park, but we did not have time
for the museum.
·
She has to work late tonight, so she cannot
make it to party.
·
Let's meet at the beach or in front of the
hotel.
·
On Friday night we watched TV and a movie.
In a sentence, Coordinating conjunctions come in between
the individual words, phrases, and
independent clauses they are joining.
BACA JUGA:TELLING TIME IN ENGLISH
2.
Subordinating Conjunctions
a. after
/ before
b. although
/ even though
c. because
/ as
d. if
e. as
long as / provided that
f. till /
until
g. unless
h. when /
once / as soon as
i. while
/ whereas
j. in
spite of / despite
Subordinating conjunctions join an independent clause (which contains both a subject and a verb and can act as a complete sentence)
and a dependent clause (which also
contains a subject and a verb, but
is not a complete sentence). Here are some example sentences:
·
They went running, although / even though it
was very hot.
·
We went to the beach despite / in spite of the
rainy weather.
·
We decided to go to the cinema because / as it
was too cold to go to the beach.
·
Monica lives in New York, while / whereas her
brother lives in California.
·
He went to work after he (had) finished his
breakfast.
·
He finished breakfast before he went to work.
·
I will go there if / provided that / as long as
you go too.
·
I won’t go there unless you go too
·
We can leave when / once you are ready.
·
You can’t drive until / till you get your
licence.
Subordinating
conjunctions always come at the beginning of a dependent
clause. However, dependent clauses can
sometimes come before an independent clause (separated by a comma). So, we could write the above
sentences this way:
a. Although
/ Even though it was very hot, they went running.
b. Despite
/ In spite of the rainy weather, we went to the beach.
c. Because
/ as it was too cold to go to the beach, we decided to go to the cinema.
d. While
/ Whereas her brother lives in California, Monica lives in New York.
e. After
he (had) finished his breakfast, he went to work.
f. Before
he went to work, he finished his breakfast.
g. If /
Provided that / As long as you go too, I will go there.
h. Unless
you go too, I won’t go there.
i. When /
Once you are ready, we can leave.
j. Until
/ Till you get your licence, you can’t drive.
Coordinating
conjunctions join parts of sentence that are similar
whereas subordinating conjunctions often
shows a contrasting or unequal relationship.
BACA JUGA : PENGERTIAN LEKSIKOGRAMATICA
3.
Linking words across sentences
Linking words across sentences always link a second
sentence to an idea in the previous
sentence. That means they come at the beginning of the
second sentence.
·
In addition, / Furthermore,
·
However, / On the other hand,
·
Therefore, / Consequently,
·
First(ly), / Second(ly), / Third(ly), /
Finally,
Linking words across sentences are used either for contrast
with the previous sentence or for
continuing the same idea. Here are some examples:
Perth is a nice place to live for many reasons including
the fantastic summer weather
and the beaches and parks. In addition, / Furthermore,
there are a lot of pubs, clubs,
restaurants and cafes to enjoy. However, / On the other
hand, there is not much to
do in winter when it is cold and rainy and not much fun to
do outdoor activities.
Therefore, / Consequently, if you are planning to visit
Perth, it is best to come
between November and April which is the hottest time.
Before you travel you need to think about a number of
things. First(ly), make sure
your passport is up-to-date. Second(ly), get some travel
insurance in case something
goes wrong on your trip. Third(ly), make sure you pack a
hat, a pair of sunglasses
and some strong sunscreen for the beach. Finally, change
some money into Aussie
dollars before you leave your country.